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Static stability means that any small displacement away from a stable equilibrium causes a net force to push it back to the equilibrium point.
Earnshaw's theorem proved conclusively that it is not possible to levitate stably using only static, macroscopic, paramagnetic fields. The forces acting on any paramagnetic object in any combination of gravitational, electrostatic, and magnetostatic fields will make the object's position unstable along at least one axis, and can be unstable along all axes. However, several possibilities exist to make levitation viable, for example, the use of electronic stabilization or diamagnetic materials; it can be shown that diamagnetic materials are stable along at least one axis, and can be stable along all axes.
Dynamic stability occurs when the levitation system is able to damp out any vibration-like motion that may occur.
Flux pinning describes the interaction between a high temperature superconductor (HTSC) and a magnetic field. A member of Cornell's Space Systems Design Studio demonstrates the effect.
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